Literature+Review+by+Izzah+Izzati

Literature Review by Izzah Izzati Articles i)

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Literature Review Grid of Common Points What do the FSKKP's students often access when use the internet? FSKKP's students often access when use the internet are games, chat and communication, shopping, information or work and education, and entertainment or downloading sites.
 * Research Question:**
 * Possible Answers:**

Elena Cristelis, Gergios Kormas, Anastasia Filippopoulou, Despoina Tounissidou, Alini Freskou, Theodora Spiliopoulou, Amalia Louizou, Eleftheria Konstantoulaki, Dimitrios Kafetzis || 92.8% of excessive users which is internet user that spend almost 20 hours a week of internet use are found to predominantly utilize the internet for the purpose of games.Almost of these excessive users are male and are addictive internet users.Games is the most popular site that always be access by the users. || 87.5% female of the excessive internet users utilize internet for the purpose of email.Sites related to communication such as email and chat room are also popular access among these users.Low internet users with average 1 to 3 hours per week is significantly associated with access to sites relating to social communication. || Shopping or purchases of goods sites are least popular among the users.Only 0.25% users are access to this sites and most of them are female which likely to access the internet for purposes of purchasing goods and services. || 36.1% of internet users are access to the work and education sites for the purposes of retrieving information.Most of these users are low and excessive internet users and access via the home and school environment. || Only 15.5% of low users are access to entertainment mass media sites.Almost of them are female with 16.4% and male for only 13.3%. || Bunyamin Coker, Hakan Cathoglu || 37.5% of users are kindly access to the games sites when use the computer and internet.From these percentage, 64.4% are male while female for only 19.4%. || 81.3% of users are access to the communication sites such as email and chat room.Most of them are female users which is percentage of 88.9% while other male users are percentage of 76.1%. || For the online shopping or internet banking, only 9.8% users are access to this sites when use the internet.Female users are more extensive to access this shopping sites with percentage of 11.1% and male user for only percentages of 9.0%. || General information are most popular sites among the users. 92.0% of users are access to this sites for the purposes of searching the learning tool. 93.3% of these users are female while 91.0% are male. || Entertainment are also popular sites among the users. 61.6% are access to this sites. Male users often use the internet more for purpose of entertainment and downloading with percentage of 73.3% while female for only percentage of 53.7% || Zehra Ozcinar || Games or fun sites are mostly be access by the users.61.7% of users are access to this sites.Male are use much more access the internet and visit many game sites than the female do. || Communication sites are the most popular sites that always been access by the users. 88.5% users are access to this sites.Social communication sites,sending email and taking up online friendships are mostly been prefer by the females users than the male users. || Online shopping sites are least popular among the users.Only 22.7% users are access to this sites.Users rarely access the internet for online shopping. || Information and education sites are also common popular sites among the users.About 85.6% users are access this sites. Users use this information sites for the purposes to get information,share information and distance learning opportunities. || Entertainment and downloading sites are in the third place of popular sites after the information and communication sites.Almost 68.5% user are commonly access to this sites. ||
 * **Author’s Names** || **Games** || **Chat,Email/Communication** || **Online Shopping** || **Information/work&education** || **Entertainment/downloading** ||
 * Artemis Tsitsika,
 * Osman Birgin,
 * Nihat Ekizoglu,

**Literature Review **

The use of computers and the internet by people in all walks of life increases day by day. This shows that the Internet is becoming a common tool, a standard information-gathering and communications resource in both the learning and home environments of most students, and also supported by Ying-Shao Hsu, Yeong-Jin Cheng and Guey-Fa Chiou (2003). In this literature review, I have consider my topic on "What do the FSKKP's students access when use the Internet?" to find out the points. FSKKP's students often access when use the internet are games, chat and communication, shopping, information or work and education, and entertainment or downloading sites. **__2.0 Games __** Games is the first point of the students access when use the internet. Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis (2008) find that games is the most popular site among the users. Almost of the users access games when use the computer and internet. 92.8% of excessive users are found to predominantly utilize the internet for the purpose of games. Excessive users are internet users that spend almost 20 hours a week of internet use and also called as addictive users. A user is define as addictive users when presenting with of the following criteria such as spending increasing amounts of time online, staying online longer than originally intended and using the internet in order to escape the negative feelings. In addition Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis (2008) also state that male users are more likely to access the internet for the purpose of games than the female with the percentage of 95.8%. Birgin, Coker and Cathoglu (2010) find that only 37.5% of users are kindly access to the games sites when use the computer and internet. From these percentage, 64.4% are male while female for only 19.4%. Ekizoglu and Ozcinar (2010) find that games or fun sites are mostly be access by the users. 61.7% of users are access to this sites. Male are use much more access the internet and visit many game sites than the female do. In terms of gender, all the authors find that male users are most frequently use the internet for the purpose of games than the female users. Significant gender differences favoring males in terms of attitude toward computer (Schumacher & Morahan-Martin, 2001) and the frequency of computer use and computer experiences (Durndell & Haag, 2002; Idowu, Adagunodu, & Idowu,2004; Tella & Mutulla, 2008). Schumacher and Martin (2010) have come the conclusion that males user spend much more time in the internet than females. Tsai and Lin (2004) stated than males use internet to play games while females use it to surf on the internet.
 * __1.0 Introduction __**

**__3.0 Chat,Email/Communication __** ﻿ The second point is communication sites or chat and email. Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis (2008) state that communication sites is also the most popular sites that have been access by the users after the games sites. 87.5% female of the excessive internet users utilize internet for the purpose of email. Sites related to communication such as email and chat room are also popular access among these users. Low internet users with average 1 to 3 hours per week is significantly associated with access to sites relating to social communication. Birgin, Coker and Cathoglu (2010) find that communication sites is one of the most popular sites that have been access by users, 81.3% of users are access to the communication sites such as email and chat room. Most of them are female users which is percentage of 88.9% while other male users are percentage of 76.1%. While Ekizoglu and Ozcinar (2010) find that communication sites are the most popular sites that always been access among the users. 88.5% users are access to this sites.Social communication sites,sending email and taking up online friendships are mostly been prefer by the females users than the male users. All of the authors agree that females users are most frequently access the social communication sites than the male users. Pierce (2009) said that "females have higher social anxiety than males, and females mostly prefer online technologies tools to get interaction with other instead of getting face to face interaction". **__4.0 Online Shopping __**  ﻿The third point of the internet access among students is online shopping. Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis (2008) find that shopping or purchases of goods sites are least popular among the users.Only 0.25% users are access to this sites. Most of them are female which likely to access the internet for purposes of purchasing goods and services while the male users were found to be more likely to access the internet for the purposes of purchasing goods and sexual education. Birgin, Coker and Cathoglu (2010) find that for the online shopping or internet banking, only 9.8% users are access to this sites when use the internet. Female users are more extensive to access this shopping sites with percentage of 11.1% and male user for only percentages of 9.0%. Ekizoglu and Ozcinar (2010) also find that online shopping sites are least popular among the users.Only 22.7% users are access to this sites.Users rarely access the internet for online shopping. Users candidates percentages use of online shopping (22.7%) and banking transactions (9.23%) and these low rates show that users are not rely on the safety of the internet. **__5.0 Information/work & education __** Information or work and education sites is the third point of the internet access among students. Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis (2008) stated that only 36.1% of internet users are access to the work and education sites for the purposes of retrieving information.Most of these users are low and excessive internet users and access via the home and school environment. Birgin, Coker and Cathoglu (2010) stated general information are most popular sites among the users. 92.0% of users are access to this sites for the purposes of searching the learning tool. 93.3% of these users are female while 91.0% are male. In addition, Ekizoglu and Ozcinar (2010) stated information and education sites are also common popular sites among the users. About 85.6% users are access this sites. Users use this information sites for the purposes to get information,share information and distance learning opportunities. Most of the author stated that female users are more likely to access the information and education sites than male users. Tella & Mutula (2008) and Tahiroglu et al. (2008) support that "male users are more extensive use of the computer and internet for personal purposes than females that use internet application for the purposes to school-related activities". Li,Kirkup & Hodgson (2010) note that "as information technology such as computer and internet becomes more common in everyday life, educational settings are being transformed into a new shape in which educators and students are expected to teach and learn using these technologies".

**__6.0 Entertainment/Downloading __** The last point for the internet access among the student is entertainment or downloading sites. Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis (2008) find that only 15.5% of low users are access to entertainment like mass media sites .Almost of them are female with 16.4% and male for only 13.3%. Birgin, Coker and Cathoglu (2010) find that entertainment are also popular sites among the users. 61.6% are access to this sites. Male users often use the internet more for purpose of entertainment and downloading with percentage of 73.3% while female for only percentage of 53.7%. Ekizoglu and Ozcinar (2010) stated that entertainment and downloading sites are in the third place of popular sites after the information and communication sites. Almost 68.5% user are commonly access to this sites. Nachmias et al (2000) found that students spend their time on the internet preferred for use, resource downloading and web creation. When the females and males purposes of internet use are compared, results showed that males use the internet more for the purpose of entertainment and download. **__7.0 Conclusion __**  As a conclusion, students are often access to the games, communication or chat and email, online shopping, information or work and education, and entertainment and downloading sites when use the computer and internet. Each authors found the different findings about this research. **__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">8.0 Reference List __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Tsitsika, Cristelis, Kormas, Filippopoulou, Tounissidou, Freskou, Spiliopoulou, Louizou, Konstantoulaki and Kafetzis(2008), Internet use and misuse: a multivariate regression analysis of the predictive factors of internet use among Greek adolescents. Eur J Pediatr (2009), pg655-665

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> Birgin, Coker and Cathoglu(2010), Investigation of first year pre-service teachers' computer and internet uses in terms of gender. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2010), pg1588-1592

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> Ekizoglu and Ozcinar(2010), The relationship between the teacher candidates' computer and internet based anxiety and perceived self-efficacy. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2010), pg5881-5890